Windows 7 is long out of support and basically dead.
Something has happened to the operating system and possibly the hardware.
You cannot any long install Windows 7 and update / patch it. That ability has been discontinued.
Download the Windows 10 ISO from the Microsoft Media Creation link.
MCL
Make a bootable USB that you can start from.
Find the Manufacturer's hardware diagnostic app, test the hardware, and assuming that is OK, install Windows 10.
You may wish to recover any data by putting the drive in a carrier and getting the data on another machine. You may be able to get the data using the ISO you created before it starts installing and copying data to a USB hard drive.
Based on your post, you may need to try a new drive in any event. And it the computer is old enough, perhaps time to replace it.